TEKS
4.1 History. The student understands the origins, similarities, and differences of American Indian groups in Texas and North America before
European exploration. The student is expected to:
4.1A Explain the possible origins of American Indian groups in Texas and North America.
Explain POSSIBLE ORIGINS, SIMILARITIES, AND DIFFERENCES OF AMERICAN INDIAN GROUPS IN TEXAS AND NORTH AMERICA
Including, but not limited to: Possible origins
American Indian (Native American) – a member of any of the indigenous peoples of the Western Hemisphere. The ancestors of the American
Indians are generally considered by scientists to have entered the Americas from Asia by way of the Bering Strait sometime during the late glacial
epoch.
Ice Age – during the Ice Age, a land bridge (Beringia) was formed between Asia and North America, and people traveled across it.
4.1B Identify American Indian groups in Texas and North America before European exploration such as the Caddos, Jumanos, Lipan Apaches, and
the Karankawas.
Identify
AMERICAN INDIAN GROUPS IN TEXAS AND NORTH AMERICA BEFORE EUROPEAN EXPLORATION
Including, but not limited to:
Gulf Coastal Plains
Caddo – largest group of Native Americans in Texas who lived in East Texas. They were hunters and gatherers who also farmed corn; lived and
practiced religious ceremonies in dome-shaped buildings; were organized into political confederations; and greeted the Europeans with the word
Tejas.
Karankawa – lived along the beaches of the Gulf Coast and were nomadic. They fished and hunted along the Gulf Coast, migrating in large
bands of people.
Central Plains
Tonkawa – nomads who lived on the Edwards’s Plateau and Hill Country. They were hunters and gatherers, primarily hunting buffalo, deer, and
small animals
Great Plains
Lipan Apache – nomads who lived in tipis hunting and gathering food (mostly hunting buffalo). The Lipan Apaches adapted to horses when they
were introduced by Europeans; Lipan Apaches became more warlike.
Mountain and Basin
Jumano – lived in parts of present-day New Mexico and West Texas; farmed, hunted, and traded. Some were nomadic, living either in tee-pees;
others lived in pueblo-like dwellings.
PROJECTS
Native Americans of Texas Project
Tribal Pow Wow with Settlers (extension project)
Movie Clips and Power Point Presentations
LINKS
War between settlers and Native Americans
American_Indian_Wars
Native American Spiritual Beliefs
Buffalo_soldiers
SW Native American languages
Native American Hairstyles + much more
Texas Native Indians
Texas Indians
Texas State Library and Archives Commission: Indian Relations in Texas
http://www.texasindians.com/
http://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/
http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/oklahoma/waco_indian_tribe_location.htm
District Supplied Links
Native American Indians in Texas
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZLd0JOkcu7I
http://ore.conroeisd.net/Teachers/kwardrup/Texas History.htm
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